Gastrin

What is gastrin? What is its source? What are its target cells? What are its functions? gastrin is one of the many hormones that stimulates secretion of digestive acrimonious by the parietal cells that lining the indorse. The G cells produced and released the gastric acids in the stomach and the duodenum to allows the stomach to break down proteins swallowed as food and absorb certain vitamins, gastric acids in like manner disinfectant and kills most of the bacteria when entering the stomach with food that reduces the risk of infection in the stomach. 2.What causes the release of gastrin? The G cells trigger the release of gastrin in the blood when food enters the stomach, as gastrin level rises in the blood, the stomach will release gastric acid to help digest and break down food. 3. What cells produce stomach acid? What is stomach acid? Parietal cells or oxyntic cells are cells that produce stomach acids. Stomach acid is a digestive fluid that has a pH of 1-2 composed of hydroc hloric acid, potassium and sodium. 4. What systemic (body-wide) condition can occur as a result of too much stomach acid production (usually occurs due to excessive vomiting)?Explain wherefore this happens. Helicobacter pylori or (H. pylori infection), patient with this condition may develop peptic ulcer if there is imbalance between the amount of acid and the mucus defense bulwark lining the stomach thus, the amount of imbalance acid will damage the lining ot the stomach, causing the detense mucus barrier to be disrupted and inflammation to the stomach mucosa leading to acid to be increased and excessive vomiting that caused by lost of potassium, sodium, hydrogen and chloride ions in the stomach acid composition. 5. What is Helicobacter pylori? How is it treated?Is also known as H. pylori infection that is identified in the gastric antrum of patients with active chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers, which is now recognized as the major cause of gastric malignant neoplastic disease . It can be treated by omeprazole and antibiotic treatment. 6. What pathological conditions can H. pylori cause in humans? Gastric adenocarcinoma, Chronic Gastritis, gastric cancer gastrointestinal cancers and peptic ulcers 7. What did this study assess/evaluate/explore? The study assess that gastrin has a distinct effect on the gastric school principal and antrum n the setting of chronic gastric Helicobacter infection.While gastrin is possibly an essential cofactor for gastric corpus carcinogenesis, gastrin deficiency can predispose animals to antral tumorigenesis, and thus any imbalances in gastrin physiology may spiel a risk for gastric transformation 8. What were the authors conclusions? There are different effect of gastrin on carcinogenesis (normal cells are transformed into cancer cells) of both the gastric corpus and antrum, suggesting that gastrin is an essential cofactor for gastric corpus carcinogenesis

Case Study of Classroom Environment of Foreign and Local Students at Fiji Essay

The schoolroom environment is a major contributing factor that endure either enhance or reduce schoolchild performance. Several studies by scholars have also recognised the important role played by classroom environment in learning and teaching. Hence the illuminateerature review will critically examine such important aspects of classroom environment that differentiate classrooms of foreign and local anesthetic students of FNU Nadi campus. The factors which will be outlined argon arranging the classroom space, the desk placement methods, the environmental elections of students such as lighting and temperature and also some critical factors such as all overcrowding in classrooms and noise level.Arranging the classroom space To begin with, the arrangement of the classroom furniture is adept of the differentiating factors in classroom environments. Studies by Linda Shalaway state that the classrooms physical layout reflects a teacher and his/her learning style (Shalaway 2011). Classroom space includes the arrangement of furniture, classroom decoration and even student placement/ sit arrangement. In Reggio Emilia a town located in the north of Italy, its educators stress on the importance of classroom environment and consider it to be an new(prenominal)(prenominal) teacher (Shalaway 2011). date Rivlin and Rothenberg (1976) found that teachers do not seem to know how to arrange the furniture. Therefore it is important for a teacher to design his/her classroom in such a way that it is qualified to cater for all the students needs. ace such way outlined by Sturt is that we smoke arouse students interest by having interesting wall displays and exciting objects around to make a complex environment. Although it is sad to note that classroom decoration is given the least concern in particular at tertiary level and its high time that it is given more importance now.Desk placement methods Moreover, the arrangement of desk is one of the common and most powerf ul factors of classroom environment. Studies reveal that some teachers prefer to seat students in U shaped settings so that they can make eye contact with every student (Shalaway 2011). Another research done by Holley & Steiner, (2005) revealed that seating arrangements that allowed class members to see everyone such as sitting in a circle contributed to the creation of a safe space. In respect to my research, the seating arrangement of foreign students classroom is generally in a U shape that facilitates ease of mobility and group interaction. While the classroom of local students at FNU Nadi Campus, has desk arranged in single and double rows that mostly cater for independent work. Contrary to that, in the research carried by Holley & Steiner (2005) students had give tongue to that row-style seating was a characteristic of an unsafe classroom. Thus the desk placement should be such that it allows group interaction but at same time is able to cater for independent work as well.Env ironmental preference Lighting Moving on, there are certain environmental preferences that affect classroom environment. One of them is the amount of light or lighting in classroom either its natural light (sunlight) or artificial- such as light bulbs. Light is one of the elements of the immediate environment that affects some students ability to learn (Burke & Burke-Samide 2004 236). The writer also states that those who preferred bright light performed better when tested in brightly lit classrooms. While students who preferred dim lights performed better in dimly lit atmosphere. Therefore it is wise to have ample light that best suits the need of everyone. In my research the classrooms of foreign students are normally lit by artificial lighting trance classrooms of local students usually use natural lighting. This shows that lighting preference differs from classroom to classroom. Although, it is advisable for teachers to adjust the classroom lights according to the students pref erences to help facilitate learning.Temperature Likewise, temperature is another environmental preference that differs in classroom environment situations. Research on the environment element of temperature reveals that most students prefer a warm yet comfortable instructional climate (Burke & Burke-Samide 2004 236). While Pepler (1972) found that non- air conditioned schools in the summer produced a wider distribution of test scores (variance) compared with air-conditioned schools. This aligns with my research as the classrooms of foreign students have air condition to control temperature while the local students of FNU Nadi Campus bear the heat of the normal climate. Therefore, its likely that the temperature either extremely hot or cold can affect student performance and productivity.Overcrowded classrooms Furthermore, overcrowding in classrooms in general affects the classroom environment. As Baron & Rodin (1978) found that as class size increases, so does learned helpless(preno minal)ness. Students in large classes have less opportunity for the teacher to give personal praise and thus it leads to learned helplessness. Therefore classrooms should be such that it is able to cater/accommodate the required look of students. In respect to my research, the classrooms of foreign students are just big enough to accommodate small groups of a maximum of 8 students while classrooms of local students which are large enough to accommodate 40 students at a time usually get overcrowded because of lack of big airy classrooms and tutors have to cater for over 80 students at a time in the same classroom. Hence classroom size should be large enough to cater for everyones needs. ring Last but not the least noise is one of those major elements that affect classroom environment. Sound is an element of the environment that can affect donnish achievement (Opolot- Okurut 2010 267- 277). Studies conducted by Sturt (n.d), surveyed children in elementary schools that were beneath t he flight path for Los Angeles International Airport and compared it with children in quieter classrooms. It was found that children in loud schools had higher short letter pressure and were more distractible compared to children in quieter classrooms. Likewise, Bronzaft and McCarthy (1975) studied children taught in classes on either side of a school. One side of the school faced a noisy railway track and it was found that 11% of teaching time was lost on the noisy side and reading ability was down compared to children on the other side. This suggests that noise indeed affects students ability to learn. With respect to my research, classrooms of foreign students are enclosed hence there is very little chance of noise disturbance while classrooms of local students are fairy open hence a lot of noise gets generated within and outside of the classroom.To conclude, it can be said that certain environmental factors such as classroom space, desk placement methods, light and temperature preferences along with overcrowding and noise in classrooms affect the general harmony of the classroom environment. From the literature findings I can suggest that things such as decorating classrooms will help make students energetic and enthusiastic towards learning. Also desk should be arranged in such a personal manner that it propagates both individual and group discussions. Similarly, educators should be considerate of students preferences of light and temperature. While at the same time avoid overcrowding and noisy situations in class. Hence in the long run it will help educators to wisely spend their investments in upgrading facilities as they will be able to analyse the impact of different environmental features so that students, faculty and universities get the most benefit from the spending.

Muscle Contraction Steps

During a Muscle Contraction The muscle fiber is in a resting state. The resting state is slightly negative inside and slightly positive outside. It has to be in this state in order to receive a message. First the brain sends a message to the muscle using a neuron whence reaches the axon terminal of the neuron. Calcium render then open on the axon terminal allowing calcium to rush in. Ach release from axon terminals, diffuses across the synaptic clef and binds to (receptors) on motor end plate.Then Ach receptor channel opens and increases permeability of Na+ into karyoplasms. This allows sodium gates to open. Na+ enters muscle fiber, rapid depolarization of sarcolemma occurs. Voltage changes to a less negative charge. An increase of Na+ rushing into cell allows for more gates to open (depolarization wave). Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme that resets and closes gates once Ach is removed from its receptor. Once sodium gates close it initiates K+ gates to open.K+ rushes out of the ce ll this and once repolarized the gates closes by the use of a pump and return to a resting state. ATP powers the Ca++ active charge pumps. The action potential spreads away from the end plate in all directions and depolarizes the T-tubules and dips down into the SR and depolarizes it. Calcium gates on the SR return open and allows calcium to rush out into the sarcoplasm. Calcium gates close, when a gate opens its a one way movement.Ca++ combines with protien troponin and changes shape exposing the myosin cover charge sites on actin. This is the latent period, the lag time between stimulation and contraction. Myosin heads or cross bridges attach to actin binding sites on thin chains. The sliding filament theory of a muscle contraction begins. When myosin binds to actin it pulls toward the m-line this is the power stroke. Once myosin head if flexed, ATP binding site is exposed and ATP binds to the head. Every exclusive myosin head that attaches to actin has to have ATP.Now the myos in head detaches from actin binding sites in result of ATP binding. Energy from ATP returns the myosin head to cocked forward position and now attaches to a bleak binding site on actin. Ca++ is then removed from troponin and changes shape allowing tropomyosin to cover myosin binding sites on actin. ATP is required to assist with the active transport of Ca++ to the SR. This process is considered the contraction and is repeated over and over as long as ATP and Ca++ are available.

Human motivation in the professional setting Essay

Consider these two findings of a classical management experiment by David McClelland on developing achievement motivation (1965) 1) Not either management programs automatically lead to improved performance. This was important to know. T here(predicate) is a viewpoint in psychology which states that the positive exertions of such courses are largely due to suggestion, or to the power of positive thinking and according to this view it would not be achievement motivation training as such that produced the effect we secured any training promoted as convincingly would work as well.Yet the musicians in the company course did not do as well, despite the situation that, if anything, it had a more solid company support all of which argued against this viewpoint. 2) Our experiment showed its effects plainly in comparison with a course that seemed to slow nation down. This strongly suggested that we ought to be trying it in a less achievement-oriented environment if we wanted to find m ore dramatic effects. To a certain extent we were only gilding the lily in trying to make the executives of this high-pressure firm more achievement-oriented.Citing psychology as basis, let me leave McClellands assertions and get to that field of genial science. We know that motivation directs behavior towards a particular incentive that produces pleasure or alleviates an unpleasant state. In other words, incentive motivation is characterized by affect, the performance of pleasure or displeasure. Early psychologists argued that almost every sensation we have contains some degree of reward or displeasure. This might explain why the newfound participants in the McClelland experiments fared well and better than those who were originally from the company.The second point of conclusion explains that the original company participants were already used to the environment and the rigors of the experiment provided an additional fight back to the already rigorous environment. merciful Mo tivation in the Human Setting Page 2 In addition to this, it will be worthwhile to receive another answer to the perennial question How do you install a generator in an employee? A brief review of Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene theory of traffic attitudes is required before theoretical and practical suggestions can be offered.The findings of those experiments and studies, along with the corroboration from many other investigations using different procedures, suggest that the factors involved in producing chisel happiness (and motivation) are separate and distinct from the factors that lead to job dissatisfaction. Since separate factors need to be considered, depending on whether job satisfaction or job dissatisfaction is being examined, it follows that these two feelings are not opposites of each other.The opposite of job satisfaction is not job dissatisfaction, but rather no job satisfaction and similarly, the opposite of job dissatisfaction is not job satisfaction, but no job di ssatisfaction. Two prepares of different demand of man are involved here. One establish of needs can be thought as stemming from his animal nature the built-in drive to avoid pain from the environment, plus all the learned drives which expire conditioned to the basic bio crystal clear needs.For example, hunger, a basic biological drive, makes it necessary to earn money, and then money becomes a specific drive. The other set of needs relates to that unique human characteristic, the ability to achieve and, through achievement, to experience psychological growth. The stimuli for the growth needs are tasks that induce growth in the industrial setting, they are the job content. Contrariwise, the stimuli inducing pain-avoidance behavior are found in the job environment.To illustrate, a typical response involving achievement that had a negative effect for the employee was, I was un ingenious because I didnt do the job successfully. A typical response in the positive side, on the othe r hand was, I was happy because the company reorganized the section so that I didnt report any longer to the guy I didnt go along with. Human Motivation in the Human Setting Page 3 What then should the manager do? To answer this question, let me get back to the thesis of McClelland (1965).He outlines four major techniques 1. Goal Setting McClelland stresses the involvement of considerable goal setting. In an organization, employees get motivated as they come to embrace the same goals set in the organization. Aside from the function of motivation, it also keeps the people intact and together. Goals can then be developed from the general to the specific. 2. Language of achievement the point here is to develop the achievement syndrome. This part, says McClelland deals specifically with having the individual learn to think, talk, act, and perceive others like a person with a high achievement motiveIn short, the participant learns to use the language of achievement so that it colors h is experience in every day life. 3. Cognitive Supports In brief, the employee needs to have a logical environment, a good self-image, and a thing that he/she will value for life.These will motivate a person to perform better. 4.and lastly, Group Supports the people nigh the person must provide emotional stability and support for the growth of a person. Respect and acceptability is the key for this last facet. Human Motivation in the Human Setting.BIBLIOGRAPHY Baldwin, C. (1966). The Functions of the Executive. Cambridge, Harvard University Press. Maslow, A. H. (1943). A Preface to Motivation Theory Psychosomat. Med. Vol. 5 McClelland, D. C. (1965). Achievement Motivation can be Developed Harvard Business Review. Harvard College.

Lev Vygotsky

Down through the years psychologists and individuals involved in education have haveed and investigated different theories ab step to the fore how tikeren learn. To understand how children receive and implement information is of great value to parents, teachers and indeed society in general as the children of today are tomorrows adults and our society will not develop if our children gagenot learn effectively. In this essay I will discuss the theories of Lev Vygotsky as I believe his work has become the foundation for a cumulation of our modern day theories and concepts in regard to a childs cognitive breeding.Lev Vygotsky was born in Russia in 1896 during the Russian Revolution and his works merely came to the attention of the western world when they were published in 1962. Vygotsky died quite young and a lot of his research was unfinished however his work was continued by his students and followers alike. Vygotskys theory of Socio- heathenish or Social Development as it is a lso known was the building block for the concepts and stratagies now used in our pre-schools and schools today. Unlike Piaget who believed that development preceeds learning, Vygotsky believed that to develop, a child must learn first.He rightly believed that the close to effective learning comes from a childs social interaction in society and the cultural they are reared in. Social factors and culture contribute to a childs cognitive development. Vygotsky believed that society gave a child various cultural tools which enabled learning, language being one of the most important. Language is the primary form of interaction and through language a child can communicate thoughts, emotions, opinions and ideas and develop friendships.A childs level of language skills can and most likely will effect all other aspects of their development both in person and academically. Through my research I see that Vygotskys concept, the zone of proximal development, which is Vygotskys term for the range of labors too difficult for children to master alone but which can be learned with the guidance and asistance of adults or more skilled chilren, is widely used today in learning institutions worldwide, its concept is used in most subjects and used very effectively with a broad spectrum of students, ranging from disadvantaged, special needs, and gifted students to adults.Within this concept Vygotsky talks about Scaffolding which basically means ever-changing the level of support as the student becomes more capable in a task or subject. Another concept which is interlinked with the above is The More educated Other (MKO). The MKO refers to anyone who has a fall apart understanding or a greater ability than the student, in respect to a particular task or concept.The MKO is unremarkably thought of as being a teacher, coach, or older adult, but the MKO could also be peers, a younger person, or even computers. As I read and study these concepts I can clearly see their incorporation i nto our education system today compared to when I was a child starting out in school forty years ago. Although systems where evolving gradually, there were very different opinions and methods in place regarding education.Lev VygotskyLev Vygotsky (November 17, 1896 June 11, 1394) was a Russian psychologist. Vygotsky was a pioneering psychologist and his major works baffle six separate volumes, written over roughly 10 years, from Psychology of Art (1925) to Thought and Language or Thinking and Speech (1934). Vygotskys interests in the fields of developmental psychology, child development, and education were extremely diverse. Vygotskys theories stress the fundamental role of social interaction in the development of cognition Vygotsky, 1978), as he believed strongly that community plays a central role in the suffice of making meaning. He argued, learning is a necessary and universal aspect of the process of developing culturally organized, specifically human mental function (Vygots ky 1978, p. 90). Vygotskys theory differs from Piaget in three different ways. 1. Social interaction plays a fundamental role in the process of cognitive development. In contrast to Jean Piagets understanding of child development, Vygotsky felt social learning precedes development. 2.The more knowledgeable other refers to anyone who has a better understanding or a high Ability level than the learner, with respects to a particular task, process, or concept. MKOs Can be peers, a younger person, teachers, coaches, older adult, or even computers. 3. The zone of proximal development is the distance between a students ability to perform a task under adult guidance and/or with peer collaboration. It is also the students ability to solve problems independently. According to Vygotsky, humans use tools that develop from a culture, such as speech and writing, to mediate their social environments.Initially children develop these tools to serve solely as social functions, ways to communicate ne eds. Vygotsky believed that the internalization of these tools led to higher thinking skills. (http//www. learning-theories. com/vygotskys-social-learning-theory. html) In modern day terms, Vygotsky would be a facilitator. Teachers and students collaborate in learning and practing four key skills (summarize, question, clarify, and predict). Teaching and learning is a both way street. You have to be able to interact with the student.This simply means you have to know your student. Teachers have to know where their students are educationally to get them to get to the next level. Then we have to cater our teaching to meet the needs of the learners. I believe that a teacher must be able to stir to their student. For example, a teacher that had both parents that is wealthy. That teacher shouldnt expect his/her students to behave as he/she did as a student at that age. You have to work that there are differences and make accommodations.A child from a wealthy billet and a child from a single parent working class home cant be taught using the same method. The backgrounds are too different. References Vygotsky, L. S. (1962). Thought and Language. Cambridge MA MIT Press. Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press. McLeod, S. A. (2007). Vygotsky Social Development Theory. Retrieved from http//www. simplypsychology. org/vygotsky. html http//www. learning-theories. com/vygotskys-social-learning-theory. html

The Namesake

Cultural traditions, migration, family and identity argon issues which emerge throughout the new The Namesake by Jhumpa Lahiri. How ache motley literary techniques been use to show that these issues play a major role in an individual experiencing a signified of be or non belong. It is plain that a number of issues can peachyly tint a mortals sense of belonging in particular psycheal hears and cultural background.Throughout Jhumpa Lahiris novel The Namesake a number of these issues emerge and have been presented to play a major role in an individual discovering their consecutive identity while at the same time experiencing a sense of belonging or non belonging. A range of various literary techniques including intertextuality, ideas and juxtaposition have been utilised throughout the novel to embellish the factors that influence a persons sense of belonging and in some cases a persons sense of isolation.The reference to the hapless news report The overcoat written by Ashokes popular author Nikolai Gogol has been used as both a motif and a form of intertextuality throughout the novel. The overcoat is initiatory mentioned in chapter one when Ashoke recalls his contiguous terminal experience in a insure accident. It is believed that because Ashoke was clutching the pages of The overcoating in his hand that he was set up among the wreckage of the train and reborn.This personal experience played an master(prenominal) role in shaping Ashokes identity which in turn allowed him to develop a great sense of adventure which enabled him to travel to a stain far away from his own and be Born twice in India and once in the States. It can also be suggested that this personal experience influenced Ashokes ability to experience a strong sense of belonging wherever he goes. The Overcoat is again mentioned numerous times throughout the novel mainly in relation to Gogol Gangulis personal sense of belonging.Gogols accountsake is in fact Nikolai Gogol and it was the short story which had influenced the naming of Baby boy Ganguli. Although in that respect is no connection between Gogol Ganguli and Nikolai Gogol, Gangulis sense of belonging is greatly affected by Nikolais own identity. Gogol Ganguli feels that he must live harmonise to his namesake who was considered insane and this concurrently creates a sense of disconnection wi lissom Gogol during his high school years. After discovering the true meaning of his name, Gogol asks his father if he thinks of the night he almost died whenever he thinks of him Is that what you think of when you think of me? , Do I remind you of that night? , to which his father reassures him that he does not. However because of this Gogol forms a sense of isolation and herb of grace towards his father while simultaneously realising the importance of life and family.This sense of isolation is then contrasted to the sense of belonging that is developed later in the novel when Gogol Ganguli changes h is name to Nikhil Ganguli in order to gain acceptance and a stronger sense of belonging within the American community.The Overcoat is also a motif that is used to act the importance of identity and personal experience and the role these cardinal factors play in securing a persons sense of belonging or not belonging. It is evident throughout the novel that there are a number of motifs used that represent issues touch the main character and his family. The first of these motifs is macrocosmifested on the first pages of the novel where Ashima is said to be making a concoction of Rice Krispies and Planters Peanuts and chopped red onion plant in a bowl to which she adds salt, lemon juice, thin slices of green chili peppers.It is said that this snack created by Ashima is a humble approximation of the snack that is exchange for pennies on Calcutta sidewalks and railway platforms throughout India. This feed motif punctuate the isolation that Ashima is currently experiencing as a resul t of her recent migration to a land contradictory to her, America. Although Ashimas craving of the snack commonly found in Calcutta emphasises her disconnection and isolation from her homeland, this sense of isolation is eventually replaced with belonging as her community of Bengali friends begins to grow later in the novel.Later the food motif is once again made evident through the fiting and sharing of traditional Bengali food between the Gangulis and other Bengali families. These take place references to traditional Bengali foods reinforces the idea that migration, cultural background and traditions plays a major role in creating a sense of disconnection and eventual belonging. Similarly trains are a key motif within the novel and are first introduced in hapter two when Ashoke recalls his near death experience in a horrid train accident which did physically immobilize him momentarily but eventually acted as source of emancipation and crucial motive in his want for a better l ife away from his homeland. The motif of the train is then manifested when Ashima gains independence for the first time when move it alone, although she is alone Ashima feels a sense of belonging to the American community to which she flat belongs to. This event is eventually contrasted to her leaving behind presents she bought for her deceased father on the train.Because of this Ashima now creates a great sense of loss as well as disconnection from her homeland, civilization and family. For Gogol the train acts as a setting for which his most alpha relationships have been established in turn providing him with a sense of belonging. This sense of belonging is then contrasted to the sense of disconnection and hurt he later experiences when he discovers the affair between his wife Moushimi and another man whilst on a train. The key motif of the train within The Namesake can be seen as a symbol for change and advancing.This motif is also used to express how personal experiences and relationships can greatly affect a persons identity and in turn influence their sense of belonging or isolation. The use of juxtaposition throughout the novel The Namesake to contrast each characters sense of belonging. It is also used to emphasise the affect cultural traditions, migration, family and identity have on a persons sense of belonging. The American culture is greatly contrasted to the traditional Bengali culture to which the Gangulis belong to. The two cultures are vastly different in many aspects of life including food, morals and family simply to name a few.The Gangulis diaspora from Calcutta has resulted in their sense of disconnection and isolation from society as well as from their family back home. Their lifestyle back home within the Bengali culture has been greatly compared to the lifestyle which they now live in America. juxtaposition has also been used throughout the novel to contrast the different identities in which the characters have. It can be detect th at Ashoke has a rather strong sense of identity as does Sonia, however Ashima can be viewed as a person who is torn between two worlds whilst Gogols dentity is rather confused. From this it can be gather that each characters identity shapes their sense of belonging and this is once again reiterated through the use of juxtaposition. By utilising literary techniques including intertextuality, motifs and juxtaposition Jhumpa Lahiri has successfully addressed issues such as cultural traditions, migration, family and identity while concurrently demonstrating how such issues play a major role on influencing a persons sense of belonging or not belonging.It is palpable to acknowledge the fact that personal experiences, relationships, time and cultural traditions play an cardinal role in shaping a persons personal identity that can in turn influence a persons sense of belonging and in some cases not belonging. By using the previously mentioned literary techniques, Jhumpa Lahiri has effectiv ely represented this idea in her award taking novel The Namesake.The NamesakeCultural traditions, migration, family and identity are issues which emerge throughout the novel The Namesake by Jhumpa Lahiri. How have various literary techniques been used to show that these issues play a major role in an individual experiencing a sense of belonging or not belonging. It is evident that a number of issues can greatly affect a persons sense of belonging in particular personal experiences and cultural background.Throughout Jhumpa Lahiris novel The Namesake a number of these issues emerge and have been presented to play a major role in an individual discovering their true identity while concurrently experiencing a sense of belonging or not belonging. A range of various literary techniques including intertextuality, motifs and juxtaposition have been utilised throughout the novel to illustrate the factors that influence a persons sense of belonging and in some cases a persons sense of isolat ion.The reference to the short story The Overcoat written by Ashokes favourite author Nikolai Gogol has been used as both a motif and a form of intertextuality throughout the novel. The Overcoat is first mentioned in chapter one when Ashoke recalls his near death experience in a train accident. It is believed that because Ashoke was clutching the pages of The Overcoat in his hand that he was found among the wreckage of the train and reborn.This personal experience played an important role in shaping Ashokes identity which in turn allowed him to develop a great sense of adventure which enabled him to travel to a land far away from his own and be Born twice in India and once in America. It can also be suggested that this personal experience influenced Ashokes ability to experience a strong sense of belonging wherever he goes. The Overcoat is again mentioned numerous times throughout the novel mainly in relation to Gogol Gangulis personal sense of belonging.Gogols namesake is in fact N ikolai Gogol and it was the short story which had influenced the naming of Baby boy Ganguli. Although there is no connection between Gogol Ganguli and Nikolai Gogol, Gangulis sense of belonging is greatly affected by Nikolais own identity. Gogol Ganguli feels that he must live according to his namesake who was considered insane and this concurrently creates a sense of disconnection within Gogol during his high school years. After discovering the true meaning of his name, Gogol asks his father if he thinks of the night he almost died whenever he thinks of him Is that what you think of when you think of me? , Do I remind you of that night? , to which his father reassures him that he does not. However because of this Gogol forms a sense of isolation and regret towards his father while simultaneously realising the importance of life and family.This sense of isolation is then contrasted to the sense of belonging that is developed later in the novel when Gogol Ganguli changes his name to Nikhil Ganguli in order to gain acceptance and a stronger sense of belonging within the American community.The Overcoat is also a motif that is used to symbolise the importance of identity and personal experience and the role these two factors play in securing a persons sense of belonging or not belonging. It is evident throughout the novel that there are a number of motifs used that represent issues surrounding the main character and his family. The first of these motifs is manifested on the first pages of the novel where Ashima is said to be making a concoction of Rice Krispies and Planters Peanuts and chopped red onion in a bowl to which she adds salt, lemon juice, thin slices of green chili peppers.It is said that this snack created by Ashima is a humble approximation of the snack that is sold for pennies on Calcutta sidewalks and railway platforms throughout India. This food motif emphasise the isolation that Ashima is currently experiencing as a result of her recent migration to a land foreign to her, America. Although Ashimas craving of the snack commonly found in Calcutta emphasises her disconnection and isolation from her homeland, this sense of isolation is eventually replaced with belonging as her community of Bengali friends begins to grow later in the novel.Later the food motif is once again made evident through the gathering and sharing of traditional Bengali food between the Gangulis and other Bengali families. These recurring references to traditional Bengali foods reinforces the idea that migration, cultural background and traditions plays a major role in creating a sense of disconnection and eventual belonging. Similarly trains are a key motif within the novel and are first introduced in hapter two when Ashoke recalls his near death experience in a horrific train accident which did physically immobilize him momentarily but eventually acted as source of independence and crucial motive in his want for a better life away from his homeland. The motif of the train is then manifested when Ashima gains independence for the first time when riding it alone, although she is alone Ashima feels a sense of belonging to the American community to which she now belongs to. This event is eventually contrasted to her leaving behind presents she bought for her deceased father on the train.Because of this Ashima now creates a great sense of loss as well as disconnection from her homeland, culture and family. For Gogol the train acts as a setting for which his most important relationships have been established in turn providing him with a sense of belonging. This sense of belonging is then contrasted to the sense of disconnection and hurt he later experiences when he discovers the affair between his wife Moushimi and another man whilst on a train. The key motif of the train within The Namesake can be seen as a symbol for change and advancing.This motif is also used to express how personal experiences and relationships can greatly affect a persons identity and in turn influence their sense of belonging or isolation. The use of juxtaposition throughout the novel The Namesake to contrast each characters sense of belonging. It is also used to emphasise the affect cultural traditions, migration, family and identity have on a persons sense of belonging. The American culture is greatly contrasted to the traditional Bengali culture to which the Gangulis belong to. The two cultures are vastly different in many aspects of life including food, morals and family simply to name a few.The Gangulis diaspora from Calcutta has resulted in their sense of disconnection and isolation from society as well as from their family back home. Their lifestyle back home within the Bengali culture has been greatly compared to the lifestyle which they now live in America. Juxtaposition has also been used throughout the novel to contrast the different identities in which the characters have. It can be noticed that Ashoke has a rather strong sense o f identity as does Sonia, however Ashima can be viewed as a person who is torn between two worlds whilst Gogols dentity is rather confused. From this it can be gather that each characters identity shapes their sense of belonging and this is once again reiterated through the use of juxtaposition. By utilising literary techniques including intertextuality, motifs and juxtaposition Jhumpa Lahiri has successfully addressed issues such as cultural traditions, migration, family and identity while concurrently demonstrating how such issues play a major role on influencing a persons sense of belonging or not belonging.It is palpable to acknowledge the fact that personal experiences, relationships, time and cultural traditions play an important role in shaping a persons personal identity that can in turn influence a persons sense of belonging and in some cases not belonging. By using the previously mentioned literary techniques, Jhumpa Lahiri has effectively represented this idea in her awar d winning novel The Namesake.

Theological Foundations and the Liberal Artss

Theological Foundations and the Liberal Arts Existence precedes essence. Holmes, 3. The exsistence of military personnel is valuable. We atomic number 18 here to fulfill what paragon has promised us. . A person is broody thinking being. youtube. com,3We must look inside ones self to know the truth of what God has planned for you, and looking outside yourself to make things totally. saviorianity should be a part of deportment. Creation, the human person, truth and the cultural mandate are foundations of a Christian education.All creations are good because God has created anything and everything is perfect. The Christian college focuses on Gods creation of everything because all things are made by God. The human person is meant to serve God in every capacity in life and in education. That God mad us in His own image reminds us that in a vast universe that reflects Gods glory, humans are uniquely crowned with glory and honor. Holmes, 15. Everything we do as humans should be a reflection of God. All truths are all Gods truth, wherever it is found. Holmes, 17 If it is true in any subject then it is Gods truth. Learning and reasoning is meant to merge with Gods truth. Our role is to be ambassadors of Christ . Gnosticism doesnt exist. Everyone had the power to know all. Lines between secular and sacred are nonexistence in a Christian. Secular colleges focus of education only. Secular colleges are only institutes for education. The rarely focus religion and are not faith establish. Liberal educations at Christian colleges intermingle faith and education in every aspect of our lives.Ones entire self should be bettered in learning. Is the idea of a Christian college, then, simply to offer a good education rundown biblical studies in an atmosphere of piety? Holmes, 5 Caricatures of Christian college are often assumed to be a good education with prayer and script study. Church or minister training is not a sole function. A distinctive Christian college integra tes faith and learning. Every academic, sport, and extracurricular activity is based faith.Christian colleges take the act of learning and characteristics of faith and put them together. Christian colleges seek not compartmentalize aspects of Christian faith, but incorporate Christianity as a whole in student circle, training students to see all aspects of life as a Christian. There is no separation of faith and education. Liberal educations reinforce harbor of things and correctly places value upon things. To be reflective is to be analytic. Holmes, 30. All that we are and do is to serve and reflect God. This is the purpose of our reflective value.